Evaluation of Refractive Measurements Using a Handheld Autorefractor (Retinomax K+ Screen) Versus Streak Retinoscopy in Dogs

The Retinomax K+ Screen provides rapid, non-invasive refractive measurements but systematically overestimates hyperopia and exhibits considerable variability compared to retinoscopy. Despite fast acquisition, inconsistent results and reduced reliability under suboptimal conditions limit the clinical precision of the autorefractor and its use as a screening tool appears questionable under clinical conditions.