The impact of prematurity and neonatal complications on hearing function in children born to HIV-Positive mothers: A secondary data analysis in the South African context

Neonatal complications are key contributors to hearing loss among HIV-exposed children in South Africa. These findings, particularly the identification of hyperbilirubinemia and ototoxic exposure as the strongest predictors, highlight the urgent need for risk-based EHDI approaches, routine audiological follow-up for at-risk neonates, and integration of hearing health services into existing maternal and child health frameworks. Strengthening early identification efforts in LMICs is essential to reducing preventable hearing loss and promoting equitable developmental outcomes.