Research progress on m6A RNA methylation modification in human reproduction related diseases

A healthy reproductive system is fundamental to human fertility. N6-adenosine methylation (m6A), the most prevalent RNA modification in eukaryotes, plays a critical role in regulating RNA metabolism, including splicing, degradation, and translation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that m6A RNA methylation is a key modulator of various reproductive processes, such as spermatogenesis, testicular function, oogenesis, ovarian homeostasis, embryo implantation, and parturition. Dysregulation of m6A RNA methylation has been closely linked to a spectrum of reproductive disorders in both males and females, including asthenozoospermia, premature ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, spontaneous abortion, and endometriosis. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying m6A RNA methylation and highlights recent advances in understanding its role in human reproduction related diseases. By elucidating these molecular pathways, we aim to provide novel insights into the prevention, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies for reproductive health disorders.