Infectious triggers of neurodegeneration: A focus on bacterial mechanisms of brain injury

Background: Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are increasingly becoming global health issues classically associated with genetic and lifestyle determinants. However, recent studies have underscored the significant role that bacterial infections play in the development and progression of these disorder. Major pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and spirochetes have been identified within the Alzheimer's with meta-analyses indicating a more than 10-fold elevated risk of disease from such infections. Technical advancements in aare increasingly allowing the deciphering of complex interactions. Multi-omics analysis powered by AI and ML-based models for modeling and analysis from neuroimaging and clinical data allows early diagnosis, biomarker identification, and personalized treatment options. Collectively, these technologies have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of bacteria-related neurodegenerative diseases. This review explores microbial infections interactions to neurodegenerative disorders and their detection strategy.