Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and Anticancer Activities of Chemically Modified Pomegranate Peel Biomass

Globally, the consumption of synthetic preservatives has dramatically increased in food production, such as fruits, Vegetables, meats, and dairy products, etc., Although the food factories industries use a huge number of synthetic preservatives to elongate the shelf life and sustaining the food quality, there is 35 million tons of waste crops yearly from food factories such as banana peels, orange, corn, and pomegranate peels. However, their increased consumption has been linked to health issues such as cancer, kidney failure, asthma, and allergic reactions. In response to the limitation and risk of synthetic preservatives, this study purpose of research is to reduce the usage of synthetic preservatives and replace it with the chemically modified biomass of pomegranate peel using KMnO4 and NaOH for eliminating the health risk problems. Firstly, the bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel were extracted and chemically modified using NaOH and KMnO4. Furthermore, qualitative phytochemical screening for determination of alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols compounds. In addition, biological activities were determined through antioxidant activity, and pigments analysis for detecting the active ingredients, chlorophyll and carotenoids. Moreover, anticancer and antimicrobial activity were performed. Finally, the hybrid reaction, and oil rancidity parameters were performed to check it safety for preferable products to be used in. The results showed that chemically modified pomegranate peel exhibited a higher significance antioxidant results to be used as natural preservatives, and safe for human consumption. Therefore, in accordance with gathered data, the chemically modified pomegranate peel extract could be promising alternative of synthetic preservatives due to its biological activity.