The Effects of Plant Extracts on Gene Expression: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential

Plant extracts have been shown to influence gene expression in various biological systems, exhibiting potential therapeutic potential against multiple diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological conditions. This paper review shows the mechanisms through which plant-derived bioactive compounds modulate gene expression, focusing on the transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modifications, and small, non-coding RNA molecules, which is known as microRNA (miRNA), involvement. In addition, the health-related impacts of plant extracts, particularly their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer properties, and their impact on various signaling pathways that control gene expression were discussed in this paper reviews. Through a deeper understanding of the molecular interactions between plant compounds and genetic material, we explore the future applications of variety of plant extracts as a natural resource in personalized medicine for human health and disease, as well as in crop biotechnology. Ultimately, advancing this field depend on integrative approaches that combine molecular biology, pharmacology, and clinical research to fully realize the therapeutic potential of plant-based compounds.