Geoheritage assessment of northern Tunisia: First proposal of geosites and prospects for geotourism

This study assesses the geological heritage of Northern Tunisia to propose conservation measures and promote geotourism. Using the Spanish Inventory of Sites of Geological Interest evaluation method, four volcanic geosites have been analyzed: La Galite Island, Ras Rajel, Oued Bellif, and Guelb Saad Moun. La Galite Island stands out for its unique volcanic formations and significant scientific interest, while Ras Rajel provides valuable insights into mining processes and regional geodynamics. Oued Bellif is remarkable for its iron sulfide and lead‑zinc deposits, which are essential for understanding metallogenic processes. As for Guelb Saad Moun, it is a volcanic site that serves as a key witness to the geodynamic evolution of the Mediterranean. The rigorous application of the evaluation method yielded high values, highlighting the significant scientific and educational importance of these geosites, as well as their strong tourism potential. This potential is based on outstanding landscape beauty, remarkable aesthetic quality, and easy accessibility by various means, making these sites particularly attractive to geotourists. However, vulnerability levels vary: La Galite Island and Ras Rajel present moderate risks, while Oued Bellif and Guelb Saad Moun require enhanced protection measures. This research advocates for a conservation and enhancement strategy tailored to each site, paving the way for the potential creation of a georoute and a future geopark in Northern Tunisia. • Identification and assessment of geosites in northern Tunisia for conservation and geotourism development. • For the first time in Tunisia, an assessment method is being applied to evaluate geosites. • The selected sites provide significant scientific, educational, and touristic values, although they also exhibit varying degrees of vulnerability. • An exceptional and diverse scientific richness has been demonstrated by the selected sites. • The selected sites effectively record the geological phenomena that trace the history of the Mediterranean.