Artificial Intelligence in Blockchain-Based Energy Markets: Regulatory and Technological Perspectives

The move to phase out fossil fuels has become a global priority, driven by the pressing need to address climate change and promote sustainable development. This shift is transforming energy systems from traditional centralised models into dynamic peer-to-peer (P2P) marketplaces. In these new ecosystems, prosumers emerge as active participants who autonomously trade energy while leveraging distributed energy resources, fundamentally changing how we produce and consume power. At the forefront of this shift is the powerful combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology in P2P energy trading. Together, these innovations are reshaping decentralised energy systems, creating more scalable and resilient energy networks that grow from the ground up. This raises a crucial question: Can AI in blockchain-enabled peer-to-peer energy trading systems bring revolutionary transformation in decarbonising energy landscapes? As we explore this possibility, we uncover the remarkable potential of these technologies to fundamentally alter the energy sector while acknowledging both their promise and their challenges. The rapid progress of AI in this field presents a modern version of the tortoise and hare paradox. While technological innovation races ahead at breakneck speed, regulatory frameworks struggle to keep pace, creating growing gaps between what is technically possible and what is legally permitted.