Meshing performance analysis of helical face gear drives with integrated non-orthogonal, offset, and profile-shifted

To meet the demands of helicopter transmission systems characterized by diverse configurations and high-speed, heavy-load operating conditions, the meshing characteristics of helical face gears integrated non-orthogonal, offset, and profile-shifted were studied. Geometric contact and load contact analysis models suitable for such non-orthogonal, offset, and profile-shifted helical face gears were established. Combined with Blok's flash temperature formula, a tooth surface flash temperature analysis model was developed. The influences of installation errors, offset distance, profile-shifted coefficient, and helix angle on the meshing characteristics of the tooth surface were analyzed. The results show that among installation errors, the shaft angle error is the most sensitive. As the offset distance increases, the tooth surface contact stress decreases, while the root bending stresses of both gears initially increase and then decrease. When the profile-shifted coefficient increases, the root bending stress of the profile-shifted pinion decreases, whereas that of the INOPS helical face gear increases. Increasing the helix angle reduces both the tooth surface contact stress and the root bending stress of the profile-shifted pinion, but increases the root bending stress of the INOPS helical face gear. The flash temperature exhibits an increasing trend with distance along the meshing line and is significantly affected by the profile-shifted coefficient and the offset distance.