Shifting mortality patterns of primary liver cancer in the United States: a 20-year analysis of disparities

Primary liver cancer mortality in the U. S. has risen markedly over the past two decades, with pronounced disparities by sex, ethnicity, region, urbanization, and state. These findings highlight the influence of sociodemographic and structural determinants on liver cancer outcomes. Efforts to reduce mortality should focus on equitable access to prevention, early detection, and treatment, particularly for high-burden populations.