Hybrid Flexible Dry Electrodes for Electroencephalography: Electrical and Thermo‐Mechanical Properties

ABSTRACT This study evaluates styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) composites modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) for flexible electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes. Maleic anhydride‐grafted SEBS (SEBS‐MA) with 8 wt% CNTs and 2 wt% CB provides an optimal balance of conductivity and flexibility, a storage modulus comparable to SEBS, and yields a highly flexible conductive material. SEBS and SEBS‐MA composites with 8 wt% CNT/2 wt% CB produced stable, low‐noise signals, suggesting responsiveness to brain activity. The contact impedance of the elastomeric thermoplastic polymer (SEBS)/8 wt% CNT/2 wt% CB electrode is 4.25 ± 0.5 kΩ, and 4.5 ± 0.6 kΩ for SEBS‐MA/8 wt% CNT/2 wt% CB, comparable to a commercial electrode (4.75 ± 1.5 kΩ). SEBS/8 wt% CNT/2 wt% CB and SEBS‐MA/8 wt% CNT/2 wt% CB produced stable, low‐noise EEG signals. In vivo EEG recordings demonstrated that SEBS‐MA with 8 wt% CNT/2 wt% CB effectively captured transitions between the eyes‐open and eyes‐closed states, yielding clear and stable signals. These findings suggest that SEBS‐MA/8 wt% CNT/2 wt% CB is a promising material for flexible, high‐performance EEG electrodes due to its balance of electrical conductivity, mechanical stability, and signal clarity.