Evaluation of Safety and Antigenotoxic Activity of <i>Rosa centifolia</i> Extract, Kaempferol, and Kaempferol-3-glucoside against Ultraviolet B Radiation in Human Fibroblasts

The plants can be a source of compounds that prevent UV-induced DNA damage involved in the genesis of skin cancer and aging. This work was aimed to evaluated the safety and the antigenotoxic effect of <i>Rosa centifolia</i> flower ethanolic extract and of selected flavonoid constituents against UVB radiation in MRC-5 human fibroblasts. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the phytochemicals were evaluated using trypan blue exclusion and Comet assays, respectively. The assays revealed that <i>R. centifolia</i> extract, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-glucoside, and quercetin exhibited cytotoxic effects at concentrations of 363 μg/mL, 393 μM, 379 μM, and 141.1 μM, respectively. Additionally, <i>R. centifolia</i> extract and quercetin demonstrated genotoxic effects at the highest tested concentrations. The antigenotoxic effects of <i>R. centifolia</i> extract, kaempferol, and kaempferol-3-glucoside against UVB radiation were subsequently evaluated. These phytochemicals significantly reduced UVB-induced DNA damage in human fibroblasts at noncytotoxic concentrations. Therefore, these compounds represent promising candidates for sunscreen formulations for human photoprotection.