Evolution of Migraine Treatment: Recent Drugs and Clinical Trial Trends

1 1 collectively. 1,4haracterized by recurrent attacks of disabling headache often accompanied by nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia, migraine continues to present major therapeutic challenges despite advances in pathophysiological understanding (notably, the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide, CGRP). 5[3] For decades, acute management relied primarily on triptans-Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)1B/1D agonists that both inhibit trigeminal neurotransmission and cause vasoconstriction-yet limitations persist, including modest two-hour pain-free rates, recurrence, and cardiovascular contraindications that preclude use in patients with vascular disease. [6][7]7][8] Preventive therapy similarly depended on drugs repurposed from other indications (eg, beta-blockers, antiepileptics, antidepressants), which-although