A New Construction for Melnikov Chaos in Piecewise-Smooth Planar Systems
Abstract We consider a piecewise-smooth 2-dimensional system $$\begin{aligned} \dot{\vec {x}}=\vec {f}(\vec {x})+\varepsilon \vec {g}(t,\vec {x},\varepsilon ) \end{aligned}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtable> <mml:mtr> <mml:mtd> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mtd> </mml:mtr> </mml:mtable> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> where $$\varepsilon >0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is a small parameter and $$\vec {f}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> is discontinuous along a curve $$\Omega ^0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . We assume that $$\vec {0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> is a critical point for any $$\varepsilon \ge 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and that for $$\varepsilon =0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> the system admits a trajectory $$\vec {\gamma }(t)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> homoclinic to $$\vec {0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> and crossing transversely $$\Omega ^0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> in $$\vec {\gamma }(0)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . In a previous paper, we have shown that, also in an n -dimensional setting, the classical Melnikov condition is enough to guarantee the persistence of the homoclinic orbit to perturbations, but more recently we have found an open condition, a geometric obstruction which is not possible in the smooth case, which prevents chaos for 2-dimensional systems when
Authors
- Matteo Franca (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1219-4768)
- Alessandro Calamai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9320-2426)
- Michal Pospíšil (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1071-3077)
Institutions
- Marche Polytechnic University (IT)
- Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK)
- University of Florence (IT)
- Comenius University Bratislava (SK)
- University of Bologna (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations
- Published
- 2025-12-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-025-10466-y
- Primary Topic
- Advanced Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica "Francesco Severi"
- Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja
- Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV