A New Construction for Melnikov Chaos in Piecewise-Smooth Planar Systems

Abstract We consider a piecewise-smooth 2-dimensional system $$\begin{aligned} \dot{\vec {x}}=\vec {f}(\vec {x})+\varepsilon \vec {g}(t,\vec {x},\varepsilon ) \end{aligned}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtable> <mml:mtr> <mml:mtd> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mtd> </mml:mtr> </mml:mtable> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> where $$\varepsilon &gt;0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is a small parameter and $$\vec {f}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> is discontinuous along a curve $$\Omega ^0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . We assume that $$\vec {0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> is a critical point for any $$\varepsilon \ge 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and that for $$\varepsilon =0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> the system admits a trajectory $$\vec {\gamma }(t)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> homoclinic to $$\vec {0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> and crossing transversely $$\Omega ^0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> in $$\vec {\gamma }(0)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . In a previous paper, we have shown that, also in an n -dimensional setting, the classical Melnikov condition is enough to guarantee the persistence of the homoclinic orbit to perturbations, but more recently we have found an open condition, a geometric obstruction which is not possible in the smooth case, which prevents chaos for 2-dimensional systems when

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Journal
Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations
Published
2025-12-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-025-10466-y
Primary Topic
Advanced Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

A New Construction for Melnikov Chaos in Piecewise-Smooth Planar Systems

Matteo Franca, Alessandro Calamai, Michal Pospíšil
Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations
Advanced Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems
article

A New Construction for Melnikov Chaos in Piecewise-Smooth Planar Systems

Matteo Franca, Alessandro Calamai, Michal Pospíšil
article en

Abstract

Abstract We consider a piecewise-smooth 2-dimensional system $$\begin{aligned} \dot{\vec {x}}=\vec {f}(\vec {x})+\varepsilon \vec {g}(t,\vec {x},\varepsilon ) \end{aligned}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtable> <mml:mtr> <mml:mtd> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mtd> </mml:mtr> </mml:mtable> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> where $$\varepsilon &gt;0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is a small parameter and $$\vec {f}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> is discontinuous along a curve $$\Omega ^0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . We assume that $$\vec {0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> is a critical point for any $$\varepsilon \ge 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and that for $$\varepsilon =0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> the system admits a trajectory $$\vec {\gamma }(t)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> homoclinic to $$\vec {0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> and crossing transversely $$\Omega ^0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> in $$\vec {\gamma }(0)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . In a previous paper, we have shown that, also in an n -dimensional setting, the classical Melnikov condition is enough to guarantee the persistence of the homoclinic orbit to perturbations, but more recently we have found an open condition, a geometric obstruction which is not possible in the smooth case, which prevents chaos for 2-dimensional systems when

Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations
Marche Polytechnic University (IT), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK), University of Florence (IT), Comenius University Bratislava (SK), University of Bologna (IT)
Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica "Francesco Severi", Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja, Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV
Openalex Percentile: Top 57%
Advanced Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems
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