Upward comparison predicts an increase in state body dissatisfaction after fitspiration exposure

As exposure to fitspiration images can lead to body dissatisfaction, it is important to understand which factors contribute to this effect. Therefore, this online experiment examined possible predictors of state body dissatisfaction following fitspiration exposure. In total, n = 131 women with and without self-reported eating disorder (ED) symptoms answered questionnaires on upward comparison, ED pathology, and drive for muscularity. Participants were then presented with 30 Instagram posts reflecting the fitspiration trend. Before and after fitspiration exposure, state body dissatisfaction was assessed. Results of a hierarchical regression analysis showed that when controlling for state body dissatisfaction before fitspiration exposure as well as participants' age, upward comparison was the only significant predictor of state body dissatisfaction after fitspiration exposure. ED pathology and drive for muscularity did not predict an increase in state body dissatisfaction. Therefore, prevention programs that aim to mitigate harmful effects of fitspiration should focus on reducing upward comparison in women.