Effect of Dezocine and Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvants in Ropivacaine for Incision Subcutaneous Infiltration Anesthesia on Incision Healing in Diabetic Rats

We hypothesized that the use of ropivacaine for incision subcutaneous infiltration anesthesia, in conjunction with dezocine and dexmedetomidine, may reduce pain stress and modulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines through the PI3Kγ/Akt signaling pathway and OGF-OGFr channel. This could lead to a reduction in IR production, inhibition of excessive inflammatory responses while preserving beneficial inflammatory reactions, upregulation of GM-CSF expression, increased fibroblast proliferation, stimulation of capillary proliferation, collagen fiber deposition, and macrophage aggregation, all of which contribute to improved wound healing.