Development and Evaluation of a High‐Gain Multiport DC–DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Applications: A Compact and Efficient Approach

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a nonisolated, high‐efficiency, multiport DC–DC converter (MIMPDC) for electric vehicle (EV) applications integrating solar PV, fuel cell, and battery sources into a single output. The topology employs an integrated switched‐capacitor and inductor network (ISCIN) to achieve a voltage gain of 20 with reduced component count, ensuring compactness and cost‐effectiveness. The converter delivers a peak efficiency of 97.66% at a 1‐kW load. A detailed analysis covering operating modes, steady‐state behavior, loss distribution, and switch voltage stress is provided to confirm reliable operation. Simulation studies in MATLAB/Simulink, supported by a hardware prototype, validate both theoretical predictions and practical feasibility. Owing to its high‐gain, efficiency, and simplified structure, the proposed MIMPDC offers a promising solution for next‐generation EV powertrains, enabling efficient hybrid energy utilization in sustainable transportation.