VIRE: a metagenome-derived, planetary-scale virome resource with environmental context
Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth, yet their global diversity remains largely unexplored. Here, we present VIRE, a comprehensive resource comprising over 1.7 million high- and medium-quality viral genomes recovered from >100 000 publicly available metagenomes derived from samples that cover diverse ecosystems, including host-associated, aquatic, terrestrial, and anthropogenic environments. Using a unified and scalable pipeline, we systematically assembled viral genomes and provided detailed information on genome completeness, taxonomic classification, predicted lifestyle, and host assignment based on CRISPR spacer matches. VIRE contains >89 million predicted viral open reading frames, as well as detailed functional annotations derived from multiple databases. Importantly, VIRE is seamlessly integrated with related microbiome resources such as SPIRE (https://spire.embl.de) and Metalog (https://metalog.embl.de), enabling users to jointly explore viral genomes, metagenome-assembled genomes, and associated environmental or clinical metadata. Accessible at https://vire.embl.de, VIRE provides an open-access, scalable platform for investigating viral diversity, evolution, and ecology on a planetary scale.
Authors
- Suguru Nishijima (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8444-9272)
- Anthony Fullam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-8124)
- Thomas Schmidt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8587-4177)
- Peer Bork (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2627-833X)
- Michael Kuhn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-872X)
Institutions
- Tokyo University of Science (JP)
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (DE)
- APC Microbiome Institute (IE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Published
- 2025-10-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaf1225
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.72