Epidemiological and socioeconomic insights for jiggers control from a community-driven social innovation project in Eastern Uganda

Tungiasis (jiggers) remains a neglected tropical disease in Uganda, disproportionately affecting marginalized and vulnerable populations. This study explored community-driven innovations for jigger management using a social innovation in health approach, focusing on treatment (using safety pins and hostel care), prevention (provision of shoes and health education), and improved well-being through self-help groups. A qualitative instrumental case study design was applied, involving six key informant interviews with project staff and four focus group discussions with beneficiaries. Data were transcribed, managed in QSR NVivo, and analyzed thematically. The innovation served as a microcosm for understanding broader social, economic, and health issues related to jiggers in Uganda. Four key themes emerged. Theme 1, Characteristics of patients/households, revealed vulnerabilities such as poverty, co-morbidities, unhygienic living conditions, and social neglect. Theme 2, Broader social, economic, and health issues, identified lack of information, stigma, misconceptions, and political interference as barriers to control. Theme 3, Opportunities and synergies, emphasized the simplicity, affordability, and scalability of the intervention methods. Theme 4, Impact, highlighted empowerment, improved self-efficacy, scientific literacy, advocacy, school attendance, and integrated health management. The findings demonstrate that effective jigger management requires a holistic, multi-sectoral approach integrating health, education, and social empowerment. Sustainable impact depends on community participation, behavioral change, socioeconomic support, and policy advocacy to address the underlying determinants of tungiasis in endemic communities. The findings underscore a holistic approach addressing health and socioeconomic factors, including community engagement, education, behavior change, and supportive relationships. Actionably, policymakers should integrate jigger control into health, education, and social welfare programs, correct misconceptions, and revise HMIS tools to effectively monitor and manage cases.