Understanding cytotoxic effects of traditional herbal remedies: A comprehensive review

Traditional herbal products have long been integral to healthcare systems worldwide, providing therapeutic benefits in various cultural practices. However, concerns regarding the cytotoxicity of these products, often overlooked, present significant safety risks, especially with the increasing use of herbal remedies in modern integrative medicine. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to understand the cytotoxic effects of traditional herbal remedies. The literature search used Google Scholar and scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Springer. Relevant studies focusing on traditional medicinal uses, cytotoxicity, and pharmacological properties of herbal remedies were included. Research articles, review papers, and ethnobotanical studies documenting cytotoxic effects were analyzed to provide an in-depth perspective. The review highlights several herbal products linked to cytotoxic effects, such as those involving oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and DNA damage. Notably, case studies demonstrate adverse reactions and toxicity, underscoring the potential risks when these remedies are not properly assessed or used. Key herbs identified include. The findings call for more robust and standardized safety evaluations to address the cytotoxic risks associated with herbal treatments. It is crucial for regulatory frameworks to be strengthened, and for further research to establish clear guidelines for the safe integration of herbal products in healthcare. Emphasis should be placed on risk assessment, public awareness, and the development of safer formulations to protect consumer health.