Translation and psychometric evaluation of a self-regulated learning questionnaire for blended learning among Iranian students

Background & Objective: The rapid advancement of the Internet and technology has enabled the widespread adoption of blended learning in medical education.However, there is no validated Persian scale to measure self-regulated learning in blended learning among Iranian students.This study aims to fill this gap by translating and validating an existing tool for assessing self-regulated learning in a blended learning environment among Iranian students. Materials & Methods:The forward-backward method was used to translate the original English questionnaire into Persian.After assessing face and content validity, the Persian version was evaluated for its psychometric properties among 330 students from Zahedan Medical University in Iran.Construct validity was analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).To ensure reliability, we calculated the Average Inter-Item Correlation (AIC), Cronbach's alpha, and McDonald's omega.Additionally, convergent and discriminant validity were examined using Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Maximum Shared Variance (MSV), and Fornell and Larcker's criteria. Results:The findings revealed that the Persian version of the Blended Learning Questionnaire (BLQ) consists of four distinct factors: Accessibility and Guidance (4 items), Social and Contextual (4 items), Delivery of Content (6 items), and Intrinsic and Extrinsic (2 items).Together, these factors accounted for 52.43% of the total variance in the BLQ.The results from the CFA indicated that all goodness-of-fit metrics supported the adequacy of the model.Additionally, the Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and Composite Reliability (CR) scores were all greater than 0.7, demonstrating strong internal consistency.Moreover, the indices showed acceptable levels of both convergent and discriminant validity for the Persian version of the BLQ. Conclusion:The study's findings indicated that the Persian version of the BLQ demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability among Iranian students, making it suitable for academic and research purposes in Persian-speaking countries.