A Stage‐Wise Plateau‐Sodiation Mechanism Enabled by Ultramicropores in the Hard Carbon Anode for Sodium Storage

ABSTRACT Hard carbon is a promising anode for emerging sodium‐ion batteries, yet the sodium storage mechanism, particularly in the low‐potential plateau region, remains debatable. Herein, hard carbon with rich pores, primarily ultramicropores (<0.7 nm), is synthesized via a self‐sacrificed template strategy. Through combined electrochemical analysis and in situ characterizations, a direct correlation between pore architecture and plateau‐region sodium storage is established. Crucially, a two‐stage “intercalation/filling–filling” sodiation mechanism in the plateau region is disclosed, which divides the plateau sodiation process into distinct phases for the first time. This stage‐wise mechanism enables pores to be fully involved throughout the plateau, resulting in the hard carbon with a high reversible capacity of 402.3 mAh g −1 and exceptional rate capability. This work enriches fundamental insights into the sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon, providing a blueprint for the versatile design of advanced anode materials.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Advanced Energy Materials
Published
2025-11-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202504853
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Advancements in Battery Materials
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.46
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

A Stage‐Wise Plateau‐Sodiation Mechanism Enabled by Ultramicropores in the Hard Carbon Anode for Sodium Storage

Ramesh T. Subramaniam, K. Ramesh, Jinting Li, Yuliang Cao et al.
2 citations
Advanced Energy Materials
Advancements in Battery Materials
1.46
article

A Stage‐Wise Plateau‐Sodiation Mechanism Enabled by Ultramicropores in the Hard Carbon Anode for Sodium Storage

Ramesh T. Subramaniam, K. Ramesh, Jinting Li, Yuliang Cao, Shahid Bashir, Lu Liu, Yonghong Gu, Yongjin Fang
article en
2 citations

Abstract

ABSTRACT Hard carbon is a promising anode for emerging sodium‐ion batteries, yet the sodium storage mechanism, particularly in the low‐potential plateau region, remains debatable. Herein, hard carbon with rich pores, primarily ultramicropores (<0.7 nm), is synthesized via a self‐sacrificed template strategy. Through combined electrochemical analysis and in situ characterizations, a direct correlation between pore architecture and plateau‐region sodium storage is established. Crucially, a two‐stage “intercalation/filling–filling” sodiation mechanism in the plateau region is disclosed, which divides the plateau sodiation process into distinct phases for the first time. This stage‐wise mechanism enables pores to be fully involved throughout the plateau, resulting in the hard carbon with a high reversible capacity of 402.3 mAh g −1 and exceptional rate capability. This work enriches fundamental insights into the sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon, providing a blueprint for the versatile design of advanced anode materials.

Advanced Energy MaterialsVol. 16(4)
University Malaya Medical Centre (MY), China Three Gorges University (CN), University of Malaya (MY), Wuhan University (CN), Nano Carbon (Poland) (PL)
Openalex Percentile: Top 14%
Advancements in Battery Materials
1.46
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.