Xanthogranulomatous Endometritis: A Case Report with Rare Presentation

Xanthogranulomatous Endometritis (XGE) is a rare, chronic inflammatory entity characterised by an inflammatory infiltrate of foamy cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and multinucleated giant cells. This condition mimics endometrial carcinoma both clinically and radiologically, thus requiring histopathology for diagnosis. Hereby, the authors present a case report of a rare presentation involving a 60-year-old postmenopausal female who presented with uterine prolapse. While XGE primarily presents as pyometra, in present case, it manifested alongside prolapse of the uterus. Only one other case in the literature has documented such a presentation. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of XGE. Given that this entity mimics endometrial carcinoma, awareness of its aetiology, clinical presentation, and pathogenesis is crucial for clinicians and pathologists.