Uterine artery S/D ratio and serum CA125 as predictors of early pregnancy loss in women with ovarian endometriomas: a retrospective case-control study

Elevated serum CA125 levels and increased uterine artery S/D ratio are independently associated with increased risk of early spontaneous miscarriage in women with endometriosis with ovarian endometriomas smaller than 4 cm who conceive naturally. The combined assessment of CA125 levels and uterine artery S/D ratio during early pregnancy provides useful risk stratification for identifying high-risk patients, potentially enabling targeted interventions to improve pregnancy outcomes in these women.