Migraine Provocation Models from a Patient’s Perspective: Attitudes and Awareness in Denmark and Italy

Abstract Objective This cross-sectional study aimed to explore and compare Danish and Italian migraine patients’ awareness, attitudes, ethical concerns and willingness to participate in human migraine provocation studies. Methods An online survey has been distributed via migraine-focused Facebook groups in Denmark and Italy. The questionnaire addressed demographic data, knowledge about migraine provocation models, perceived benefits and concerns, willingness to participate, ethical considerations and preferences for alternative research methods. Results Awareness of migraine provocation models was moderate among Danish respondents (28%) and very low among Italian respondents (2%, p < 0.001). Despite limited familiarity, respondents from both countries recognized potential benefits, such as improved understanding of migraine mechanisms and development of new treatments. Primary concerns included the risk of severe induced attacks, inadequate pain relief and uncertainty about long-term effects. Willingness to participate was conditional on guaranteed pain management. Significant cross-country differences were observed in trust in researchers (higher in Denmark, p < 0.001) and in preferences for research methods (Italians more often prioritizing non-provocative alternatives, p < 0.001), whereas ethical acceptability did not differ significantly ( p = 0.29). Conclusions Awareness and acceptance of migraine provocation studies differ between Danish and Italian migraine patients, reflecting cultural and ethical nuances. Enhancing patient education and ethical rigor could potentially improve participation and trust, advancing migraine research effectively.