Transitioning Oil and Gas Producing Regions: A Comparative Analysis of Regional Approaches in Denmark, New Zealand and Scotland

ABSTRACT This paper investigates how governance structures and policy approaches influence transition pathways in three major oil and gas producing regions: Esbjerg (Denmark), Taranaki (New Zealand), and Aberdeen (Scotland). The methods employ a comparative case study framework and draw on a literature review, document analysis and interviews with key experts in government, industry, civil society, and academia in each country. The results demonstrate significant differences in transition outcomes: Esbjerg presents a durable and adaptive transition, underpinned by broad political consensus, stable policies, and strong public‐private partnerships that have enabled economic diversification and cultivated community support, particularly through offshore wind development. Aberdeen exhibits institutional innovation and targeted funding; however, it faces challenges in policy durability due to political cycles and local skepticism. Taranaki's more top‐down approach reveals risks associated with abrupt, less inclusive policy shifts, which have fueled resistance and increased the likelihood of policy reversals. The conclusions highlight that successful oil and gas transitions require inclusive governance, stable and credible policy signals, a clear economic rationale for change, and early coalition‐building among governments, industry, and communities. These findings emphasize the necessity of robust institutional design and place‐based, economically grounded strategies to achieve just and effective decarbonization in oil and gas‐dependent regions.