Integrated green extraction of phenolic compounds and fermentable sugars from grapefruit peel using ultrasound and enzymatic hydrolysis

Sequential HIFU-EH offers an efficient, sustainable approach to valorize GP, reducing solvent and time requirements at the same time as co-producing bioactive phenolics and fermentable sugars in separate steps, thereby avoiding phenolic inhibition during subsequent biological steps. The process enhances antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and supports potential applications in food, nutraceutical and biorefinery sectors. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.