Mandibular buccal bifurcation cyst: A rare pediatric odontogenic lesion with radiographic, histopathological, and clinical insights

Buccal bifurcation cyst (BBC) is an uncommon, inflammatory odontogenic cyst that typically occurs in the mandibular first molar region of children. It is characterized by a well-defined, unilocular radiolucency located on the buccal aspect of the affected tooth, often involving the furcation area. This report presents the case of a 14-year-old boy who was referred for the evaluation of a radiolucent lesion adjacent to the mandibular second molar. The involved tooth was vital, and clinical examination revealed a buccal swelling near the right mandibular second molar. Radiographic imaging demonstrated a cystic lesion on the buccal side of the tooth, along with mild tilting. Surgical enucleation of the cyst along with extraction of the involved tooth was performed. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a BBC. The patient was followed up for 2 months postoperatively, during which no recurrence was observed. BBC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of radiolucent lesions in children. Early identification and appropriate management are essential to prevent complications and preserve the affected tooth when possible.