Optimizing hybrid renewable energy systems: Techno-economic feasibility and CFD study for residential load applications in Stephenville, NL

Communities in Newfoundland and Labrador continue to rely heavily on grid electricity, which is often expensive and vulnerable to weather-related disruptions. In this context, hybrid renewable energy systems offer a practical way to improve energy security while lowering emissions. The transition to clean energy is crucial for mitigating climate change, particularly in Canada, where fluctuating temperatures and environmental shifts pose significant challenges. This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of a hybrid renewable energy system designed for residential use in Stephenville, Newfoundland and Labrador, integrating wind turbine technology (Enercon E-44), solar technology (Canadian Solar Dymond), and grid electricity. Using HOMER Pro, the system was optimized based on NASA wind data (average speeds: 7.2 m/s in winter, 5.32 m/s in summer). Results show a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.0356/kWh, a net present cost of $1.56 million, and annual CO 2 reductions of 222,514 kg, with 60.1% renewable penetration. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis in ANSYS Fluent, focusing on the NACA 63-415 airfoil, confirmed the turbine’s aerodynamic efficiency across seasonal winds. This study highlights hybrid renewable systems as cost-effective, sustainable solutions, aligning with Canada’s net-zero goals while ensuring energy security.