An analytics-based model for securing the healthcare drug distribution network with blockchain

The surge of counterfeit pharmaceuticals and vaccines in Indonesia poses a significant public health threat, compromising treatment effectiveness and jeopardising patient safety. Current pharmaceutical supply chain systems are constrained in scalability, transparency, and real-time verification, impeding initiatives to guarantee medicine authenticity, including expiration and dose accuracy. This paper suggests a blockchain-based paradigm specifically designed for Indonesia's pharmaceutical supply chain, focussing on traceability, security, and regulatory compliance. The research employs a qualitative methodology that incorporates literature review, stakeholder interviews, and interface prototyping. A smart contract simulation is executed to verify essential supply chain operations, including medicine serialisation, batch approval, recall, and dispensing control. The experimental assessment indicates that the contract operates with minimal latency and deterministic enforcement, guaranteeing dependable real-time validation at the point of care. The preliminary results indicate that the blockchain prototype augments traceability, mitigates counterfeit distribution, and facilitates coordination among stakeholders, including producers, regulators, healthcare professionals, and patients. The results highlight blockchain's capacity to facilitate policy reform and digital transformation in pharmaceutical governance, enhancing regulatory compliance and public health outcomes in Indonesia. • Develop a blockchain model to improve transparency in drug distribution • Integrate smart contracts for verifying medicine authenticity and safety • Use stakeholder input to design a secure healthcare logistics system • Demonstrate blockchain’s value in public health supply chain resilience • Propose policy strategies for scalable technology adoption in healthcare