Analysis of Cryoprotectant Concentration During Cryopreservation in Articular Cartilage Sample Using Homogeneous and Porous Material Models

A decrease in temperature and an increase in the concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cause a reduction of the effective diffusion coefficient. Moreover, in the model considering the porosity of the sample, the lowest values of the effective diffusion coefficient were obtained. This study's novelty lies in its comparative analysis of homogeneous and porous models, as well as its explicit coupling of temperature, concentration, and diffusion processes during cryopreservation.