Experimental investigation of the trade-off between quantum speed and energy cost

The implementation of information processing on a quantum device is a fundamental challenge for many technologies. As a matter of fact, the faster one wants to implement a quantum operation, the higher is the thermodynamic cost of realizing the quantum process. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally verify a trade-off between quantum speed and energy cost using Schatten 2-norm. Our findings demonstrate that this trade-off remains tight for any instant of time, whether dealing with initial eigenstates or initial thermal equilibrium states, as illustrated by the Landau-Zehner model. This observation underscores the significance of coherence of the evolved states. By extending our method to open system, we find that quantum speed can be significantly affected by environmental decoherence effect. These results illuminate the fundamental limits of quantum state dynamics and hold promise for potential applications in quantum sensing and quantum computing.

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Publication Details

Journal
npj Quantum Information
Published
2025-11-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01149-z
Primary Topic
Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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Experimental investigation of the trade-off between quantum speed and energy cost

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npj Quantum Information
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Experimental investigation of the trade-off between quantum speed and energy cost

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article en

Abstract

The implementation of information processing on a quantum device is a fundamental challenge for many technologies. As a matter of fact, the faster one wants to implement a quantum operation, the higher is the thermodynamic cost of realizing the quantum process. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally verify a trade-off between quantum speed and energy cost using Schatten 2-norm. Our findings demonstrate that this trade-off remains tight for any instant of time, whether dealing with initial eigenstates or initial thermal equilibrium states, as illustrated by the Landau-Zehner model. This observation underscores the significance of coherence of the evolved states. By extending our method to open system, we find that quantum speed can be significantly affected by environmental decoherence effect. These results illuminate the fundamental limits of quantum state dynamics and hold promise for potential applications in quantum sensing and quantum computing.

npj Quantum InformationVol. 11(1)
University of Science and Technology of China (CN), Hefei University of Technology (CN), Universidade de São Paulo (BR), Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at Nanoscale (CN), Universidade Federal do Maranhão (BR)
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Government of Jiangsu Province, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, University of Science and Technology of China, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações
Openalex Percentile: Top 70%
Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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