Late-onset infection of helix-fixation leadless pacemaker diagnosed by pacing threshold elevation and successfully managed with retrieval and reimplantation

Leadless pacemakers were developed to overcome complications associated with conventional transvenous pacing systems and have demonstrated a markedly lower risk of infection compared with traditional cardiac implantable electronic devices.1,2 More recently, Aveir VR leadless pacemaker (Abbott, Chicago, IL, USA) was introduced, featuring a helix-based active fixation mechanism and a dedicated retrieval system.