Exploring nutritional profiles, bioactive compounds, and functional potential of Chinese hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) varieties

Hempseed ( Cannabis sativa L.) has gained increasing attention as a sustainable and nutrient-dense superfood. Despite China is one of the top three cultivating and processing nations worldwide, comprehensive comparisons on its commercial varieties are less known. This study systematically characterized and compared the physicochemical properties, nutritional profiles, and bioactive compound contents of seven commercial Chinese hempseed varieties. Significant varietal differences were observed in oil (23.6–31.2 %) and protein (17.26–24.84 %) content. Fatty acid profiling exhibited distinct compositions: YM7 was rich in γ-linolenic acid and favorable n-6/n-3 ratio, while HM245 and ZMZ1 were rich in linoleic acid ( p < 0.05). Bioactive compounds revealed the higher levels of phytosterols and tocopherols in ZMZ1 grains, which closely correlated with the highest in vitro antioxidant capacity (phytosterols R 2 = 0.81; tocopherols R 2 = 0.85). HM240 showed higher flavonoid content (0.44 mg QE/g). These findings provide critical insights into major Chinese hempseed resources, highlighting their potential in targeted nutritional and functional applications. • A comprehensive analysis of nutrients in Chinese hempseed species was conducted. • There were significant varietal differences in oil and protein content. • HM240 was identified as ideal resource for protein processing. • YM7 was suitable for oil production with excellent fatty acids profile. • ZMZ1 was rich in phytosterols and tocopherols for functional products.