Electrically tunable ultrafast dynamics and interactions of hybrid excitons in a 2D semiconductor bilayer

Extended efforts have been devoted to the study of strongly-interacting excitons and their dynamics, towards macroscopic quantum states of matter such as Bose-Einstein condensates of excitons and polaritons. Momentum-direct layer-hybridized excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted considerable attention due to their high oscillator strength and dipolar nature. However, the tunability of their interactions and dynamics remains unexplored. Here, we achieve an unprecedented control over the nonlinear properties of dipolar layer-hybridized excitons in an electrically gated van der Waals homobilayer monitored by transient optical spectroscopy. By applying a vertical electric field, we reveal strong Coulomb interactions of dipolar hybrid excitons, leading to opposite density-dependent energy shifts of the two main hybrid species based on their dipolar orientation, together with a strongly enhanced optical saturation of their absorption. Furthermore, by electrically tuning the interlayer tunneling between the hybridized carriers, we significantly extend the formation time of hybrid excitons, while simultaneously increasing their decay times. Our findings have implications for the search on quantum blockade and condensation of excitons and dipolaritons in two-dimensional materials.

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Publication Details

Journal
Nature Communications
Published
2025-11-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65733-9
Citations
2
Primary Topic
2D Materials and Applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.04

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article

Electrically tunable ultrafast dynamics and interactions of hybrid excitons in a 2D semiconductor bilayer

Charles J. Sayers, Christoph Gadermaier, András Kis, Samuel Brem et al.
2 citations
Nature Communications
2D Materials and Applications
1.04
article

Electrically tunable ultrafast dynamics and interactions of hybrid excitons in a 2D semiconductor bilayer

Charles J. Sayers, Christoph Gadermaier, András Kis, Samuel Brem, Raül Perea‐Causín, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Edoardo Lopriore, Giulio Cerullo, Charalambos Louca, Armando Genco, Ermin Malić, Stefano Dal Conte, Daniel Erkensten, Irantzu Landa
article en
2 citations

Abstract

Extended efforts have been devoted to the study of strongly-interacting excitons and their dynamics, towards macroscopic quantum states of matter such as Bose-Einstein condensates of excitons and polaritons. Momentum-direct layer-hybridized excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted considerable attention due to their high oscillator strength and dipolar nature. However, the tunability of their interactions and dynamics remains unexplored. Here, we achieve an unprecedented control over the nonlinear properties of dipolar layer-hybridized excitons in an electrically gated van der Waals homobilayer monitored by transient optical spectroscopy. By applying a vertical electric field, we reveal strong Coulomb interactions of dipolar hybrid excitons, leading to opposite density-dependent energy shifts of the two main hybrid species based on their dipolar orientation, together with a strongly enhanced optical saturation of their absorption. Furthermore, by electrically tuning the interlayer tunneling between the hybridized carriers, we significantly extend the formation time of hybrid excitons, while simultaneously increasing their decay times. Our findings have implications for the search on quantum blockade and condensation of excitons and dipolaritons in two-dimensional materials.

Nature CommunicationsVol. 16(1)
Philipps University of Marburg (DE), Stockholm University (SE), National Institute for Materials Science (JP), University of Cambridge (GB), Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IT), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH), Politecnico di Milano (IT)
National Science Foundation, European Commission, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Openalex Percentile: Top 21%
2D Materials and Applications
1.04
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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