Modelling of lean six sigma 4.0 implementation barriers in Indian micro-small and medium-sized industries: an ISM-MICMAC approach

Purpose The present research aims to investigate the barriers of Lean Six Sigma 4.0 (LSS4.0) implementation in Indian micro-small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Design/methodology/approach In this research work, 18 barriers were identified via literature review and by the opinion of experts and decision-makers. Subsequently, identified barriers were investigated statistically, and based on this, 12 barriers were finalized. The finalized barriers were further modelled using the interpretive structural modelling (ISM) and MICMAC approach. The proposed ISM model is further validated theoretically based on experts’ inputs. Findings The obtained results reveal that “Lack of finance,” “Lack of top management involvement,” and “Poor IT infrastructure” are the most prominent barriers for implementation of LSS4.0. These outcomes will assist the industrial managers to better comprehend that which barriers could affect the productive initiation of the LSS4.0 approach in their enterprises. Originality/value This is the first kind of study to deal with the exploration of barriers of the LSS4.0 adoption in MSMEs in the context of developing nations. Literature is full of the study of LSS barriers in various domains like manufacturing, healthcare, service etc. But the LSS4.0 approach differs from simple LSS approach in the context of tools, techniques, and implementation steps to accomplish the project in any organization. Therefore, barriers to LSS4.0 implementation in MSMEs also varied as compared to the simple LSS approach.