A comprehensive framework for integrating modern educational technologies with problem-based learning in medical education

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has evolved from its traditional roots into a sophisticated pedagogical approach enhanced by advanced digital technologies, including artificial intelligence as a subset of these digital innovations. This comprehensive framework provides medical educators with evidence-based guidance for implementing technology-enhanced PBL methodology, incorporating both traditional principles and modern technological tools. We synthesize current literature from 2019 to 2025, analyzing research findings to create actionable recommendations for educators seeking to implement or improve their PBL programs. Recent studies demonstrate significant improvements through technology integration: 34% enhancement in diagnostic accuracy (Yang et al. in J Pharm Educ Pract 12:112–120, 2024), 28% better knowledge retention (Yan et al. in BMC Med Educ 23:456, 2023), and 42% increase in student engagement (Matsuda and Izumi in Med Educ Online 29:2345, 678, 2024). The integration of virtual patients, simulation-based learning, and adaptive systems shows promising results in enhancing traditional PBL methodologies while maintaining core pedagogical principles. Our proposed framework addresses implementation planning, role definitions, assessment strategies, and quality assurance mechanisms that medical educators can immediately apply across diverse cultural and institutional contexts.