A Hierarchical Belief–Rule Base Framework for Seismic Functional Fragility and Resilience Assessment of Railway Stations: Integrating Multicomponent Interdependencies and Uncertainty Quantification

ABSTRACT High‐speed railway (HSR) station, consisting of various structural and nonstructural components and equipment, is highly complex in functionality analysis after earthquakes. This study proposes a resilience assessment framework using a hierarchical belief–rule base that integrates critical components to evaluate station functionality, which systematically quantifies interdependencies among multicomponent damage states and system‐level functional performance, thereby overcoming the limitations of conventional single‐component evaluation approaches. Three resilience metrics are introduced to holistically evaluate system resilience, encompassing rapid recovery efficiency and recovery stability. Moreover, a seismic functional fragility assessment framework based on the lumped‐mass stick model is introduced. Integrating multisource uncertainties, it overcomes limitations of conventional structural fragility analyses. Validation through case studies confirms the framework's effectiveness in guiding pre‐earthquake design, post‐earthquake recovery, and resilience enhancement for HSR stations.