How to understand empirical adequacy as an aim of science

Constructive empiricists consider the aim of constructing empirically adequate theories (roughly, theories that save the phenomena) to be the primary aim of science. This paper addresses the question of how to understand this aim in such a way that it can fruitfully guide scientific practice. My answer comes in two parts. First, there is the issue of how to understand the notion of empirical adequacy, specifically when it comes to the nature of the phenomena to be saved by a theory. I argue that an empirically adequate theory should be understood as a theory that saves the observed phenomena (past, present, and future). This view contrasts with the constructive empiricist view that an empirically adequate theory must save the observable phenomena (regardless of whether such phenomena have been or will ever be observed). Second, there is the issue of the primacy of the aim of constructing empirically adequate theories. I argue for a pluralist empiricism, according to which this aim is just one among many empiricist aims, none of which is primary. This view contrasts with the constructive empiricist view that constructing empirically adequate theories is the primary aim of science.