Neuromodulation effects of low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound in human, a systematic review focusing on motor and sensory functions

tFUS demonstrates both online/ offline excitatory/ inhibitory effects on sensory and motor brain regions under specific stimulation conditions. It holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for managing motor and sensory dysfunctions, such as stroke and chronic pain. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood, necessitating further investigation.