Anti- <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and anti-inflammatory activities of <i>Persea americana</i> leaf extract and its isolated avocadene: a promising natural therapeutic candidate

The extract obtained from <i>Persea americana</i> (PA) leaves using 96% ethanol at a powder-to-solvent ratio of 1:15 g/mL, at 80 °C for 90 min, exhibited the strongest anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (HP) activity. From the hexane fraction, compound LB2 was successfully purified and identified as 1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadec-16-ene (avocadene). For the first time, anti-HP activity of LB2 was evaluated, demonstrating effective activity with an inhibition zone of 12.9 mm and a MIC of 32 μg/mL, though these values were slightly lower than that of the crude extract (13.9 mm, 28.5 µg/mL). Both the PA leaf extract and compound LB2 possessed notable anti-inflammatory effects when compared to sodium diclofenac. Furthermore, acute toxicity assessments in mice confirmed that the PA leaf extract was safe at doses up to 5000 mg/kg, with no mortality or clinical signs of toxicity observed.