Therapeutic Outcomes of Combined Eyelid Hygiene, Intense Pulsed Light, and Meibomian Gland Expression in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a combination therapy comprising eyelid hygiene, intense pulsed light (IPL), and meibomian gland expression in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective study included MGD patients who completed at least three sessions of combination therapy administered at 4-week intervals, with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. Ocular surface parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment initiation. Based on the clinical response following the initial three sessions, patients were categorized into either the standard treatment group (3 sessions) or the extended treatment group, who received three additional sessions of the same combination therapy. <b>Results</b>: A total of 107 patients (77 females; 30 males) were enrolled. 74 patients received standard treatment, and 33 received extended treatment. In the standard group, significant improvements compared with baseline were observed in the Ocular Surface Disease Index score, non-invasive tear break-up time, corneal staining, lid margin plugging, telangiectasia, and the meibomian gland expressibility score. Conversely, in the extended group, only the meibomian gland expressibility score showed significant improvements at the 3-month follow-up. <b>Conclusions</b>: The standard combination therapy resulted in significant and durable improvements in approximately 70% of MGD patients, with effects persisting for at least 3 months post-treatment. These findings support the clinical utility of this multimodal approach and highlight the need for biomarkers to predict treatment response.