N6-methyladenosine: a key regulator in ocular disease mechanisms and treatment

N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a pivotal RNA modification, has garnered considerable attention in cell biology and disease research. m6A plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, with particular relevance to the onset and progression of ocular diseases. This review examines the current research on m6A in ocular diseases, including keratitis, cataracts, glaucoma, retinopathy, thyroid ophthalmopathy, and ocular tumors, highlighting its functional significance and potential mechanisms in these conditions. Recent studies suggest that m6A modification influences cellular fate and pathophysiological processes by modulating the expression of key genes. However, a deeper understanding of the precise mechanisms underlying m6A action in ocular diseases is still needed. By synthesizing the existing literature, this review seeks to offer novel insights and identify potential therapeutic targets, thereby advancing clinical applications for ocular disease treatment.