When services are no longer voluntary: Exploring child protection workers experiences with Black families and (in)voluntary services

Implications of this study highlight the fallacies of consent and voluntary services in child welfare. Findings from this study also suggest that narratives of Black families begin to form even before Black families are formally inducted into the child welfare process due to not only worker's preconceived bias ideas but also prejudicial reporting that is then reinforced by worker bias. Policy and practice recommendations are discussed.