Laser-Engineered PEDOT:PSS Textile Supercapacitors with Leakage Suppression and Direct Fabric Integration

We present a laser-induced phase separation approach for directly patterning PEDOT:PSS electrodes onto commercially available polyester fabric, enabling stable integration without separate substrates or transfer steps. By precisely tuning laser parameters and applying spatially selective irradiation, the method not only induces controlled phase separation for high-conductivity electrode formation but also enables localized tuning of film–substrate adhesion in clearance regions, allowing residual material to be physically removed while preserving electrode integrity. When assembled as supercapacitors, the devices showed an increase in specific capacitance from 6.89 F/g to 14.32 F/g at 1 A/g following gap refinement, along with CV profiles consistent with ideal capacitive behavior and nearly symmetric charge–discharge curves. In addition, the devices retained over 92% of their capacitance and 98–100% Coulombic efficiency after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles, evidencing long-term electrochemical stability. More importantly, when patterned directly onto the surface of a commercial umbrella, the fabric-integrated supercapacitors withstood repeated folding and unfolding without performance degradation, demonstrating a practical route toward scalable production of flexible, textile-based energy storage components for wearable and everyday applications.