Phytotherapeutic insights into wound healing: unveiling the potential of Agrimonia eupatoria L.

Agrimonia eupatoria L., a perennial herbaceous plant long utilized in traditional European and Asian medicine, has recently attracted significant scientific attention for its wound healing properties. This review synthesizes current evidence on pharmacological activity of A. eupatoria in the context of cutaneous wound repair. Rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids, A. eupatoria exhibits a broad range of bioactivities relevant to each phase of wound healing. These include antioxidant effects that mitigate oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory actions that regulate immune responses, and stimulatory effects on keratinocyte proliferation, fibroblast activation, and angiogenesis. Experimental models reveal enhanced re-epithelialization, extracellular matrix remodeling, and improved collagen maturation in wounds treated with A. eupatoria extracts. Moreover, the plant demonstrates antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, further supporting its use in chronic and infected wounds. While promising, variability in extract composition and limited clinical data highlight the need for further standardization and translational research. Collectively, this review positions A. eupatoria as a potent botanical candidate for future development in phytotherapeutic wound management, offering a multi-targeted approach that integrates traditional knowledge with modern biomedical science.