Multiband Self-Affine Fractal Antenna with Performance for 5G Connectivity

This paper introduces a novel self-affine fractal antenna tailored for 5G applications, featuring a unique grid structure over three iterations powered by a discrete port. Constant Square Sizes do not change in size between iterations, as traditional fractal does. This demonstrates exceptional multiband performance at frequencies of 0.65, 1.07, 2, 2.14, 2.8, 4, 5.2 and 5.8[Formula: see text]GHz. The observed radiation pattern exhibits omnidirectional and bidirectional characteristics across the tested frequency range. A key innovation lies in the antenna’s self-affine fractal geometry, which achieves superior multiband functionality and miniaturization without compromising performance. A strong agreement is observed between simulated and experimental results, highlighting the reliability of the design. Compared to previously reported geometries, this antenna offers superior multiband functionality and gain, making it highly suitable for 5G applications, including cellular communication and aeronautical systems. It also uses a space-filling technique, setting a new benchmark for high-gain compact antennas.