Inverse design of broadband antennas for terahertz devices based on two-dimensional materials

Terahertz technology, a cornerstone of next-generation high-speed communication and sensing, has long been hindered by impedance mismatch challenges that limit device performance and applicability. These challenges become particularly pronounced when ultrasensitive two-dimensional (2D) materials are employed as the detecting element in the terahertz range, further complicating their integration in real-world applications. Furthermore, conventional antenna designs often fail to provide adequate matching across the broad terahertz spectrum. In this work, we tackle these challenges using a procedural generation algorithm to design terahertz broadband antennas that satisfy specific performance criteria. Namely, the developed inverse design methodology enables customization for the target impedance value, bandwidth, and contact topology requirements. The proposed antenna achieves an improvement of up to 40% in power transfer efficiency, compared with traditional bow-tie antennas, under realistic operating conditions. High-fidelity electromagnetic simulations validate these results, confirming the design's practicality for terahertz applications. This work addresses critical limitations of existing antenna designs and advances the feasibility of high-frequency applications in both communication and sensing.