Direct evidence of singlet molecular oxygen [O <sub>2</sub> ( <scp> <sup>1</sup> Δg </scp> )] production from <scp>UVA</scp> excited 6‐thioguanine

6-Thioguanine (6-TGua) is one of the thiopurines used as a cytostatic drug. When internalized by cells, 6-TGua is metabolized through the purine salvage pathway and readily incorporated into DNA. Patients treated with these thiopurines are more prone to develop squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. The absorbance spectrum of 6-TGua, in contrast to guanine (Gua) or any other canonical base, has a maximum absorbance at 342 nm. Therefore, 6-TGua undergoes photoexcitation upon exposure to UVA radiation, with maximum absorption at 340 nm. In this study, the used approach unequivocally demonstrates the generation and quenching of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> by 6-TGua via the direct spectroscopic detection of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> monomol light emission at 1270 nm. Chemiluminescence-based methods were employed for the determination of the <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> generation quantum yield (Φ<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) and the total <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> quenching rate constant (k<sub>t</sub>). For the <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> quantum yield, we found values of 0.22 ± 0.03 for 6-TGua and 0.12 ± 0.03 for 2'-deoxy-6-thioguanosine (6-TdGuo). These compounds presented k<sub>t</sub> values of 1.5 × 10<sup>7</sup> L mol<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and 1.1 × 10<sup>7</sup> L mol<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Through the comparison of these values with the ones obtained for 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) and its oxidation product 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo), we aim to provide new insights into the 6-TGua-containing DNA (DNA-6-TGua) reactivity towards <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> in a biological context.

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Journal
Photochemistry and Photobiology
Published
2025-11-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1111/php.70044
Primary Topic
Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
Type
article
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article

Direct evidence of singlet molecular oxygen [O 2 ( 1 Δg )] production from UVA excited 6‐thioguanine

Paolo Di Mascio, Marisa Helena Gennari de Medeiros, Helena C. Junqueira, Jean Cadet et al.
Photochemistry and Photobiology
Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
article

Direct evidence of singlet molecular oxygen [O 2 ( 1 Δg )] production from UVA excited 6‐thioguanine

Paolo Di Mascio, Marisa Helena Gennari de Medeiros, Helena C. Junqueira, Jean Cadet, Fernanda M. Prado, Graziella E. Ronsein, André Lopes
article en

Abstract

6-Thioguanine (6-TGua) is one of the thiopurines used as a cytostatic drug. When internalized by cells, 6-TGua is metabolized through the purine salvage pathway and readily incorporated into DNA. Patients treated with these thiopurines are more prone to develop squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. The absorbance spectrum of 6-TGua, in contrast to guanine (Gua) or any other canonical base, has a maximum absorbance at 342 nm. Therefore, 6-TGua undergoes photoexcitation upon exposure to UVA radiation, with maximum absorption at 340 nm. In this study, the used approach unequivocally demonstrates the generation and quenching of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> by 6-TGua via the direct spectroscopic detection of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> monomol light emission at 1270 nm. Chemiluminescence-based methods were employed for the determination of the <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> generation quantum yield (Φ<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) and the total <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> quenching rate constant (k<sub>t</sub>). For the <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> quantum yield, we found values of 0.22 ± 0.03 for 6-TGua and 0.12 ± 0.03 for 2'-deoxy-6-thioguanosine (6-TdGuo). These compounds presented k<sub>t</sub> values of 1.5 × 10<sup>7</sup> L mol<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and 1.1 × 10<sup>7</sup> L mol<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Through the comparison of these values with the ones obtained for 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) and its oxidation product 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo), we aim to provide new insights into the 6-TGua-containing DNA (DNA-6-TGua) reactivity towards <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> in a biological context.

Photochemistry and Photobiology
Université de Sherbrooke (CA), Universidade de São Paulo (BR), Universidade Brasil (BR)
Openalex Percentile: Top 45%
Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
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