Diet in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Efficacy, Tolerability, and Microbiome Effects Toward Personalized Management

Nevertheless, evidence is often heterogeneous, with variability in dietary protocols, endpoints, and patient populations, making firm recommendations challenging. Adherence and long-term sustainability remain major barriers, underscoring the need for realistic, patient-centered approaches. By integrating current findings with clinical practice, diet can evolve from supportive care to a central component of multidisciplinary IBD management-if guided by robust evidence and tailored to individual needs. As research continues to refine the role of specific foods, nutrients, and patterns, dietary therapy holds promise not only to complement pharmacologic treatments but also to address the broader nutritional and metabolic needs of patients living with IBD.